Unit 7 · Exam weight 13–20%

Natural Selection

Evolution, Hardy-Weinberg, speciation, and phylogeny.

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Lessons

Mechanisms of Evolution

Variation + heritability + differential reproduction.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Null model for a non-evolving population.

Speciation, Extinction, & Origins

How new species form and ancient life arose.

Phylogeny & Evidence for Evolution

Trees, shared traits, and the fossil/molecular record.

Featured diagram

Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive natural selection

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